{"id":8193,"date":"2026-08-20T13:50:39","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T11:50:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/?p=8193"},"modified":"2026-08-20T14:01:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T12:01:08","slug":"medzinarodny-tim-skuma-stredoveke-historicke-doskove-hry-v-dalmacii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/sk\/2026\/08\/20\/medzinarodny-tim-skuma-stredoveke-historicke-doskove-hry-v-dalmacii\/","title":{"rendered":"Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd t\u00edm sk\u00fama stredovek\u00e9 historick\u00e9 doskov\u00e9 hry v Dalm\u00e1cii"},"content":{"rendered":"

Doskov\u00e9 hry maj\u00fa medzi archeologick\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezmi jedine\u010dn\u00e9 postavenie. S\u00fa toti\u017e priamym d\u00f4kazom interakcie medzi \u013eu\u010fmi v\u00a0minulosti. Niektor\u00e9 doskov\u00e9 hry sa n\u00e1m nezachovali, preto\u017ee ich \u010dasto vyrobili z\u00a0materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 podliehaj\u00fa \u010dasu. In\u00e9 v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eeme sk\u00fama\u0165 dodnes,\u00a0 preto\u017ee boli vyryt\u00e9 do odoln\u00fdch povrchov z kame\u0148a alebo teh\u00e1l. Dokumentovan\u00edm t\u00fdchto hern\u00fdch dosiek m\u00f4\u017eeme vnies\u0165 nov\u00e9 svetlo do \u00falohy hier v spolo\u010denskom \u017eivote stredovekej Dalm\u00e1cie a pouk\u00e1za\u0165 na k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu hier ako \u010dinnosti, ktor\u00e1 v minulosti sp\u00e1jala \u013eud\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Hra mlyny prekryt\u00e1 port\u00e1lom z 13. storo\u010dia, v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu m\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1lez datova\u0165 (Foto: A\u00daSAV, B. Kov\u00e1r).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00a0oblasti Stredomoria sledujeme \u010dast\u00fd v\u00fdskyt doskov\u00fdch hier v\u00a0okol\u00ed stredovek\u00fdch sakr\u00e1lnych stavieb. V\u00a0okol\u00ed a\u00a0vo vn\u00fatri stredovek\u00fdch kostolov sa na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00e9ho \u0160panielska, Talianska a\u00a0Chorv\u00e1tska nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa vyryt\u00e9 alebo nama\u013eovan\u00e9 doskov\u00e9 hry.<\/p>\n

Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd v\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm \u2013 Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav SAV (Branislav Kov\u00e1r, Anton Arp\u00e1\u0161), Muzej Grada Trogira (Lujana Paraman, Aleksandra Matura) a\u00a0University of Reading (Summer Courts, Tim Penn) \u2013 sa zameral na v\u00fdskum doskov\u00fdch hier v\u00a0chorv\u00e1tskom pr\u00edmorskom meste Trogir. V\u00fdskum sa realizoval v\u010faka podpore spom\u00ednan\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed a\u00a0projektu COST Action CA22145 \u2013 GameTable.<\/p>\n

Hry sme v\u00a0Trogire identifikovali pri dvoch kostoloch \u2013 pri\u00a0 kostole sv. J\u00e1na Krstite\u013ea, pri a\u00a0vo vn\u00fatri katedr\u00e1ly sv. Vavrinca. Obe sakr\u00e1lne stavby postavili v r\u00e1mci obnovy mesta v 13. storo\u010d\u00ed na z\u00e1kladoch star\u0161\u00edch ranokres\u0165ansk\u00fdch bazil\u00edk \u2013 jedna z nich bola postaven\u00e1 u\u017e na za\u010diatku 5. storo\u010dia a zasv\u00e4ten\u00e1 sv. Vavrincovi a koncom 10. storo\u010dia sa stala s\u00eddlom trogirskej diec\u00e9zy. Obe pamiatky sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v centr\u00e1lnej \u010dasti historick\u00e9ho centra Trogiru a ohrani\u010duj\u00fa severov\u00fdchodn\u00fd a juhov\u00fdchodn\u00fd roh mestsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mestia.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 hern\u00fdch dosiek v t\u00fdchto verejn\u00fdch priestoroch potvrdzuje ustanovenia Trogirsk\u00fdch \u0161tat\u00fatov z roku 1322 (kniha 2, kapitola 29), ktor\u00e9 povo\u013eovali hranie hier na verejn\u00fdch n\u00e1mestiach, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1m nazna\u010duje, \u017ee hry boli tak \u010dast\u00e9, \u017ee sa roz\u0161\u00edrili aj mimo povolen\u00fdch n\u00e1mest\u00ed a prenikli a\u017e do samotn\u00fdch kostolov. Hry mali v stredovekom Trogire zjavne ve\u013ek\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Objaven\u00e9 hry<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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Dokument\u00e1cia hier v okol\u00ed katedr\u00e1ly sv. Vavrinca (Foto: A\u00daSAV, B. Kov\u00e1r).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00a0okol\u00ed a\u00a0vo vn\u00fatri katedr\u00e1ly sv. Vavrinca sme na\u0161li 32 hier. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou boli vyryt\u00e9 na m\u00fariku pri katedr\u00e1le, na schodoch alebo pr\u00edpadne na sokloch. Na\u0161li sa hracie dosky pre mlyny, alquerque alebo \u0161ach\/d\u00e1mu. V\u010faka tomu, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 hry boli prekryt\u00e9 neskor\u0161\u00edmi architektonick\u00fdmi prvkami, m\u00f4\u017eeme tieto hry datova\u0165 do 13. storo\u010dia, nem\u00f4\u017eeme v\u0161ak vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 ani star\u0161ie alebo mlad\u0161ie obdobia. Minim\u00e1lne jedna z\u00a0objaven\u00fdch vyryt\u00fdch hrac\u00edch dosiek sa pod\u013ea or\u00e1lnej hist\u00f3rie pou\u017e\u00edvala e\u0161te v\u00a020. storo\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0obyvatelia Trogiru na nej hr\u00e1vali hru mlyny.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0okol\u00ed kostola sv. J\u00e1na Krstite\u013ea sme na\u0161li 6 vyryt\u00fdch doskov\u00fdch hier. Medzi nimi sme identifikovali mlyny a\u00a0alquerque. M\u00f4\u017eeme predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee hry rovnako ako kostol m\u00f4\u017eu poch\u00e1dza\u0165 u\u017e z\u00a013. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Pri dokumentovan\u00ed doskov\u00fdch hier vytesan\u00fdch do kame\u0148a sme pou\u017eili met\u00f3du bl\u00edzkej priestorovej fotogrametrie. Ide o\u00a0technol\u00f3giu, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0161peci\u00e1lnym sp\u00f4sobom (jednotliv\u00e9 fotografie sa musia \u010diasto\u010dne prekr\u00fdva\u0165 a mus\u00ed by\u0165 dodr\u017ean\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e1 postupnos\u0165 fotografovania objektu) vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 (generova\u0165) 3D modely objektov z nasn\u00edman\u00fdch statick\u00fdch alebo leteck\u00fdch, pr\u00edpadne kombinovan\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed z digit\u00e1lneho fotoapar\u00e1tu, v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade doskov\u00fdch hier vytesan\u00fdch do kamenn\u00fdch blokov. T\u00e1to met\u00f3da sa u\u017e be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edva pri dokument\u00e1cii archeologick\u00fdch v\u00fdskumov a\u00a0n\u00e1lezov, ale v\u00a0pr\u00edpade v\u00fdskumu hier zatia\u013e nie je a\u017e tak \u010dast\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Dokument\u00e1cia hry mlyny pri katedr\u00e1le sv. Vavrinca pomocou priestorovej fotogrametrie (Foto: A\u00daSAV, A. Arp\u00e1\u0161).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky sme spolo\u010dne \u010falej spracovali v\u010faka spom\u00ednan\u00e9mu projektu COST Action CA22145 \u2013 GameTable<\/a> na univerzite v Readingu (Department of Classics)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1date\u013esk\u00fd t\u00edm m\u00e1 v\u00a0pl\u00e1ne dokumentova\u0165 a\u00a0spracov\u00e1va\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161ie n\u00e1lezy hier v\u00a0okol\u00ed sakr\u00e1lnych pamiatok v\u00a0chorv\u00e1tskej Dalm\u00e1cii, v\u00a0\u010fal\u0161ej f\u00e1ze v\u00fdskumu sa zameriame na lokality \u0160iben\u00edk a Split. Okrem dokument\u00e1cie lokal\u00edt sa zamysl\u00edme aj nad ot\u00e1zkami, pre\u010do sa hry nach\u00e1dzali v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti sakr\u00e1lnych stavieb, ak\u00fd mali vplyv na urbanizmus miest, \u010di ich v\u00fdskyt odr\u00e1\u017eal charakter jednotliv\u00fdch historick\u00fdch obdob\u00ed, a pre\u010do \u013eudia hrali pr\u00e1ve tieto hry, ktor\u00e9 sme objavili?<\/p>\n

Branislav Kov\u00e1r, Tim Penn, Summer Courts, Lujana Paraman<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Doskov\u00e9 hry maj\u00fa medzi archeologick\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezmi jedine\u010dn\u00e9 postavenie. S\u00fa toti\u017e priamym d\u00f4kazom interakcie medzi \u013eu\u010fmi v\u00a0minulosti. Niektor\u00e9 doskov\u00e9 hry sa n\u00e1m nezachovali, preto\u017ee ich \u010dasto vyrobili z\u00a0materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 podliehaj\u00fa \u010dasu. In\u00e9 v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eeme sk\u00fama\u0165 dodnes,\u00a0 preto\u017ee boli vyryt\u00e9 do odoln\u00fdch povrchov z kame\u0148a alebo teh\u00e1l. Dokumentovan\u00edm t\u00fdchto hern\u00fdch dosiek m\u00f4\u017eeme vnies\u0165 nov\u00e9 svetlo do \u00falohy … \u010c\u00edtajte viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8193"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8193"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8213,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8193\/revisions\/8213"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}