{"id":8176,"date":"2026-08-08T08:00:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-08T06:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/?p=8176"},"modified":"2026-08-09T14:56:33","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T12:56:33","slug":"aky-je-povod-domacich-maciek-na-slovensku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/sk\/2026\/08\/08\/aky-je-povod-domacich-maciek-na-slovensku\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u00fd je p\u00f4vod dom\u00e1cich ma\u010diek na Slovensku?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ma\u010dka plav\u00e1 (Felis silvestris lybica) \u2013 predok ma\u010dky dom\u00e1cej.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00a0roku 2002 bol na po\u010des\u0165 jedn\u00e9ho z najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1cich zvierat na svete 8. august vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd de\u0148 ma\u010diek. Hoci ofici\u00e1lne \u0161tatistiky neexistuj\u00fa, odhady nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee po\u010det t\u00fdchto zvierat sa v\u00a0slovensk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostiach pohybuje v statis\u00edcoch, pri\u010dom sa v bud\u00facnosti o\u010dak\u00e1va \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rast a pribl\u00ed\u017eenie sa k po\u010dtu chovan\u00fdch psov. <\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vny medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd interdisciplin\u00e1rny v\u00fdskum, ktor\u00e9ho s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou boli aj kostrov\u00e9 pozostatky ma\u010diek zo slovensk\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch lokal\u00edt, uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee o\u00a0pr\u00edbytok a\u00a0stravu sme sa neza\u010dali deli\u0165 s\u00a0p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm eur\u00f3pskym poddruhom ma\u010dky divej (Felis silvestris silvestris<\/em>), ale s\u00a0dovezen\u00fdm africko-\u00e1zijsk\u00fdm pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdm, ma\u010dkou plavou (Felis silvestris lybica<\/em>).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza star\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1lezov prin\u00e1\u0161a nov\u00e9 poznatky<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Migra\u010dn\u00e9 trasy ma\u010dky plavej z domestika\u010dn\u00e9ho centra na Bl\u00edzkom v\u00fdchode (Pod\u013ea Krajcarz et al. 2022)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Prebiehaj\u00faci chronometrick\u00fd v\u00fdskum osteologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lezov potvrdzuje, \u017ee zdom\u00e1cnen\u00e1 forma ma\u010dky plavej sa dostala na \u00fazemie Slovenska a\u017e po prelome letopo\u010dtov. Najstar\u0161ie kosti a otla\u010dky ma\u010dac\u00edch labiek na p\u00e1lenej stre\u0161nej krytine r\u00edmskych stavieb poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z r\u00edmskych a germ\u00e1nskych s\u00eddlisk z 1. a\u017e 2. storo\u010dia (star\u0161ia doba r\u00edmska). Predpoklad\u00e1me, \u017ee tieto zvierat\u00e1 boli dovezen\u00e9 \u010dlovekom, najm\u00e4 na \u00fa\u010dely boja proti synantropn\u00fdm hlodavcom.<\/p>\n

Zatia\u013e presne nevieme, za ak\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed sa dom\u00e1ce ma\u010dky \u0161\u00edrili na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska \u010falej, no vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere ich evidujeme a\u017e v\u00a0ranom stredoveku. Postupne prenikali do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch sf\u00e9r \u017eivota \u013eud\u00ed, \u010doho pr\u00edkladom je aj v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1lez hrobu star\u0161ieho mu\u017ea a\u00a0mladej ma\u010dky, odkryt\u00fd na slovansko-avarskom pohrebisku v\u00a0Obide. Archeozoologick\u00fd v\u00fdskum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee cel\u00e9 zviera bolo ulo\u017een\u00e9 nad hru\u010fou a\u00a0hlavou pochovan\u00e9ho, pri\u010dom z\u00e1rezy na dolnej \u010de\u013eusti a\u00a0z\u00e1p\u00e4stiach sved\u010dia o tom, \u017ee pred vlo\u017een\u00edm do hrobu bolo telo zvle\u010den\u00e9 z\u00a0ko\u017ee. Vz\u00e1cna ko\u017eu\u0161ina, o\u00a0ktorej vzh\u013eade m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a\u017e anal\u00fdza jadrovej DNA, iste pote\u0161ila pozostal\u00fdch, zatia\u013e \u010do starca na onen svet sprev\u00e1dzal netypick\u00fd zvierac\u00ed spolo\u010dn\u00edk.<\/p>\n

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Kosti nedospelej ma\u010dky objaven\u00e9 na germ\u00e1nskom s\u00eddlisku v \u0160t\u00farove \u2013 jeden z najstar\u0161\u00edch dokladov chovu dom\u00e1cich ma\u010diek na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Medzi ojedinel\u00e9 doklady citov\u00fdch v\u00e4zieb \u013eud\u00ed na ma\u010dky (a naopak) patr\u00ed aj kostra ma\u010da\u0165a objaven\u00e1 pod podlahou chaty z 9. storo\u010dia v\u00a0Baj\u010di. Konzum\u00e1cia m\u00e4sa t\u00fdchto u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdch tvorov bola jednozna\u010dne tabu. Nov\u00fd archeogenetick\u00fd a\u00a0chronometrick\u00fd v\u00fdskum n\u00e1lezov v\u00a0Obide aj v\u00a0Baj\u010di uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee i\u0161lo skuto\u010dne o\u00a0poddruh Felis s. lybica<\/em> a vek kost\u00ed s\u00fahlas\u00ed s\u00a0datovan\u00edm os\u00eddlenia. V\u00a0slovanskej osade sme prekvapivo narazili a\u017e na dve odli\u0161n\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 l\u00ednie ma\u010dky dom\u00e1cej, obe via\u017euce sa na africk\u00fd kontinent a\u00a0r\u00edmsku expanziu. A\u00a0hoci sa s\u00a0nimi stret\u00e1vame aj u\u00a0modern\u00fdch plemien, haploskupina D potvrden\u00e1 v\u00a0Baj\u010di, patr\u00ed medzi raritn\u00e9, tak u\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch ako aj u\u00a0historick\u00fdch popul\u00e1ci\u00ed ma\u010diek.<\/p>\n

Zora Bielichov\u00e1<\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/p>\n

Barta, P. \u2013 Bielichov\u00e1, Z. \u2013 Popovi\u0107, D.: An Unusual Burial Companion: A Feline Skeleton from the Avar Period Site in Obid (Slovakia). In 29th EAA Annual Meeting (Belfast, Northern Ireland 2023): Abstract Book. Ed. Magdalena Karab\u00e1\u0161, Kate\u0159ina Kleinov\u00e1. 1. vyd. – Belfast: European Association of Archaeologists, 2023, 362.<\/a><\/p>\n

Bielichov\u00e1, Z.: Ma\u010dky a archeol\u00f3gia. In Nielen Pes a ma\u010dka, 2023, ro\u010d. 23, \u010d. 2, 29\u201333.<\/a><\/p>\n

Krajcarz, M. \u2013 Krajcarz, M. T. \u2013 Baca, M. et al.: The history of the domestic cat in Central Europe. Antiquity, 96 (390), 2022, 1628 \u2013 1633.<\/a><\/p>\n

Ottoni, C., Van Neer, W., De Cupere, B.\u00a0et al.<\/em>\u00a0The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world.\u00a0Nat Ecol Evol<\/em>\u00a01, 0139 (2017).<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Hrob ma\u010dky dom\u00e1cej a starca odkryt\u00fd na slovansko-avarskom pohrebisku v Obide. Izotopov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza nazna\u010dila, \u017ee sa \u017eivila alebo bola k\u0155men\u00e1 rybami.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0roku 2002 bol na po\u010des\u0165 jedn\u00e9ho z najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1cich zvierat na svete 8. august vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd de\u0148 ma\u010diek. Hoci ofici\u00e1lne \u0161tatistiky neexistuj\u00fa, odhady nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee po\u010det t\u00fdchto zvierat sa v\u00a0slovensk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostiach pohybuje v statis\u00edcoch, pri\u010dom sa v bud\u00facnosti o\u010dak\u00e1va \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rast a pribl\u00ed\u017eenie sa k po\u010dtu chovan\u00fdch psov.   Ned\u00e1vny medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd interdisciplin\u00e1rny v\u00fdskum, ktor\u00e9ho … \u010c\u00edtajte viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8176"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8176"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8183,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8176\/revisions\/8183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}