{"id":8144,"date":"2026-08-03T09:00:34","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T07:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/?p=8144"},"modified":"2026-07-31T09:44:19","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T07:44:19","slug":"kedy-sa-objavil-moriak-na-nasom-uzemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/sk\/2026\/08\/03\/kedy-sa-objavil-moriak-na-nasom-uzemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kedy sa objavil moriak na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Kosti moriaka zo Zoborsk\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tora.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Morka (lat. Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo<\/em>) bola domestikovan\u00e1 na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Mexika niekedy pred dvoma tis\u00edcro\u010diami a dnes sa rad\u00ed medzi tri celosvetovo najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ie druhy hydiny. Vzh\u013eadom na pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00face medzery v poznatkoch o domestik\u00e1cii a\u00a0jej roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed v Eur\u00f3pe sa pred p\u00e1r rokmi stala stredobodom z\u00e1ujmu \u0161pecialistov v\u00a0odbore hist\u00f3ria, archeol\u00f3gia a\u00a0genetika. Na aktu\u00e1lnom interdisciplin\u00e1rnom v\u00fdskume participovali aj Zora Bielichov\u00e1 z\u00a0Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu SAV a Diana Ducho\u0148ov\u00e1 z\u00a0Historick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu SAV, ktor\u00e9 v\u00a0jednej z\u00a0kapitol ned\u00e1vno publikovanej monografie Exploring the history of turkey management and domestication. A transatlantic perspective<\/em> (eds. A. Manin, C. F. Speller, E. Corona-M., E. K. Thornton) hodnotia historick\u00e9 a archeozoologick\u00e9 doklady v\u00fdskytu tohto exotick\u00e9ho vt\u00e1ka na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010co sme zistili?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/a>Zozbieran\u00e9 arch\u00edvne pramene poukazuj\u00fa na roz\u0161\u00edrenie chovu a konzum\u00e1cie mor\u010dacieho m\u00e4sa na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed najsk\u00f4r v 16. storo\u010d\u00ed. Najstar\u0161ia zmienka t\u00fdkaj\u00faca sa ceny dvoch moriakov poch\u00e1dza z\u00a0\u00fa\u010dtovn\u00fdch kn\u00edh dne\u0161nej Bratislavy z roku 1598, \u010do je o\u00a0nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed nesk\u00f4r ako predpokladan\u00fd \u010das ich roz\u0161\u00edrenia v \u010cech\u00e1ch (1550\u20131580) a v Rak\u00fasku (1530\u20131540). Dekorat\u00edvne vt\u00e1ky s\u00a0delik\u00e1tnym m\u00e4som sa stali s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou stravy uhorskej \u0161\u013eachty a\u00a0kl\u00e9ru, no ich chov bol v\u00a0nov\u00fdch podmienkach n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd a\u00a0roz\u0161\u00edril sa a\u017e v druhej polovici 17. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Kosti poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa hlavne z dospel\u00fdch vt\u00e1kov a boli odkryt\u00e9 na centr\u00e1lnych lokalit\u00e1ch ob\u00fdvan\u00fdch\u00a0komunitami s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm spolo\u010densk\u00fdm statusom – na Slovensku ide zatia\u013e o hrady G\u00fdme\u0161 a \u010cekl\u00eds a Zoborsk\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161tor pri Nitre. \u010casov\u00fd kontext t\u00fdchto n\u00e1lezov je \u010dasto nejasn\u00fd, no ich geografick\u00e9 rozlo\u017eenie poukazuje na dva mo\u017en\u00e9 (hoci sa navz\u00e1jom nevylu\u010duj\u00face) scen\u00e1re t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa importu morky do na\u0161ej oblasti. Kosti zo s\u00eddiel pod kres\u0165anskou kontrolou nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee morky sa k n\u00e1m mohli dosta\u0165 zo z\u00e1padu cez Rak\u00fasko, Sliezsko a \u010cechy. Alternat\u00edvou je osmansk\u00e9 sprostredkovanie zo Stredozemia, \u010do dokumentuj\u00fa n\u00e1lezy z\u00a0oblast\u00ed Ma\u010farska okupovan\u00fdch Turkami.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Obr. 2. N\u00e1lezy kost\u00ed moriaka v strednej Eur\u00f3pe (1. Nitra \u2013 Zoborsk\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161tor, 2. Jelenec \u2013 hrad G\u00fdme\u0161, 3. Fels\u0151t\u00e1rk\u00e1ny \u2013 hradn\u00fd vrch, 4. V\u00e1c \u2013 hudobn\u00e1 \u0161kola, 5. Gyula \u2013 hrad, 6. Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r \u2013 ulica J\u00f3kai M\u00f3r. 7. Budape\u0161\u0165 \u2013 Budinsk\u00fd hrad)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Zora Bielichov\u00e1<\/p>\n

Viac o kni\u017enej publik\u00e1cii tu\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Morka (lat. Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) bola domestikovan\u00e1 na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Mexika niekedy pred dvoma tis\u00edcro\u010diami a dnes sa rad\u00ed medzi tri celosvetovo najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ie druhy hydiny. Vzh\u013eadom na pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00face medzery v poznatkoch o domestik\u00e1cii a\u00a0jej roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed v Eur\u00f3pe sa pred p\u00e1r rokmi stala stredobodom z\u00e1ujmu \u0161pecialistov v\u00a0odbore hist\u00f3ria, archeol\u00f3gia a\u00a0genetika. Na aktu\u00e1lnom interdisciplin\u00e1rnom v\u00fdskume participovali aj … \u010c\u00edtajte viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8145,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8144"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8144"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8152,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8144\/revisions\/8152"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}