{"id":7827,"date":"2025-11-06T09:00:01","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T07:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/?p=7827"},"modified":"2025-11-06T17:05:38","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T15:05:38","slug":"slovenski-archeologovia-sa-plavili-na-pravekom-clne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/sk\/2025\/11\/06\/slovenski-archeologovia-sa-plavili-na-pravekom-clne\/","title":{"rendered":"Slovensk\u00ed archeol\u00f3govia sa plavili na pravekom \u010dlne"},"content":{"rendered":"

Monoxyl je najdlh\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd typ plavidla na svete. Ide o \u010dln vytvoren\u00fd z\u00a0jedn\u00e9ho kusa dreva. V\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe sa vyu\u017e\u00edval u\u017e v\u00a0obdob\u00ed strednej doby kamennej a\u00a0jeho pou\u017e\u00edvanie pretrvalo a\u017e do 20. storo\u010dia. Na Slovensku je jeho najstar\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1stupcom n\u00e1lez zo \u0160amor\u00edna z\u00a0doby lat\u00e9nskej (3. storo\u010die pred n. l.). Slovensk\u00fdm b\u00e1date\u013eom sa podarilo tento n\u00e1lez zrekon\u0161truova\u0165 a\u00a0\u00faspe\u0161ne otestova\u0165 v\u00a0rie\u010dnom prostred\u00ed. <\/em><\/p>\n

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Rekon\u0161trukcia pravek\u00e9ho \u010dlna tesne pred dokon\u010den\u00edm (Foto: \u0160. Ol\u0161av\/A\u00daSAV)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pr\u00e1ce na \u010dlne prebiehali v\u00a0Archeoskanzene Ni\u017en\u00e1 My\u0161\u013ea ne\u010faleko Ko\u0161\u00edc v\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0Archeologick\u00fdm \u00fastavom SAV v Ko\u0161iciach. Pri v\u00fdrobe \u010dlna sa pou\u017e\u00edvali dobov\u00e9 techniky, ale z\u00a0\u010dasov\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov sa hrub\u0161ie pr\u00e1ce vykon\u00e1vali modern\u00fdmi mechanick\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi. Vysk\u00fa\u0161ali sa v\u0161ak r\u00f4zne p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 techniky v\u010faka replik\u00e1m n\u00e1strojov z\u00a0mlad\u0161ej doby \u017eeleznej. Sekery, dl\u00e1ta a\u00a0rezb\u00e1rske no\u017ee, zodpovedaj\u00face t\u00fdm spred 2000 rokov, spo\u013eahlivo konkurovali ich modern\u00fdm prevedeniam. Uk\u00e1zalo sa tak, \u017ee monoxyl bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyrobi\u0165 d\u00e1vnymi typmi n\u00e1strojov rovnako dobre, ako t\u00fdmi s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdmi. Vy\u017eadovalo to v\u0161ak \u010das a\u00a0nam\u00e1hav\u00fa fyzick\u00fa pr\u00e1cu. Je preto pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee sa na v\u00fdrobe tak\u00e9hoto \u010dlnu v minulosti podie\u013ealo viacero \u013eud\u00ed. Monoxyly sa museli vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 pri vodnom toku, kde sa n\u00e1sledne aj vyu\u017e\u00edvali. A\u00a0to nie len pre ich hmotnos\u0165, ale tie\u017e pre testovanie ich stability u\u017e po\u010das v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n

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Monoxyl z mlad\u0161ej doby \u017eeleznej zo \u0160amor\u00edna bol vyroben\u00fd z borovice (Foto: \u0160. Ol\u0161av\/A\u00daSAV)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou monoxylov boli \u010dasto aj \u0161peci\u00e1lne nabera\u010dky na vodu, ktor\u00e1 sa mohla cez praskliny v\u00a0dreve dost\u00e1va\u0165 do vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho priestoru \u010dlnu. Tomu sa dalo pred\u00eds\u0165 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vhodn\u00fdm v\u00fdberom materi\u00e1lu a\u00a0impregn\u00e1ciou. Monoxyl z\u00a0mlad\u0161ej doby \u017eeleznej zo \u0160amor\u00edna bol vyroben\u00fd z\u00a0borovice. Aj my sme preto zvolili tento materi\u00e1l. Borovica m\u00e1 v\u010faka vy\u0161\u0161iemu obsahu \u017eivice v\u00fdborn\u00e9 izola\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti a\u00a0kv\u00f4li riedkej \u0161trukt\u00fare dreva je tento materi\u00e1l \u013eah\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e4k\u0161\u00ed. Ako izol\u00e1cia \u010dlnov a\u00a0lod\u00ed sa u\u017e v\u00a0obdob\u00ed staroveku pou\u017e\u00edval v\u010del\u00ed vosk. Aj my sme tento materi\u00e1l vysk\u00fa\u0161ali a\u00a0vonkaj\u0161ie steny pod \u201e\u010diarou ponoru\u201c sme natreli v\u010del\u00edm voskom. Kombin\u00e1cia vhodn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov zabezpe\u010dila absol\u00fatnu izol\u00e1ciu a\u00a0na\u0161u pohodln\u00fa plavbu.<\/p>\n

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Testovanie na rieke Bodrog<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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Monoxyly s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 pre pomaly te\u010d\u00face toky riek a stojat\u00e9 vody v jazer\u00e1ch (Foto: \u0160. Ol\u0161av\/A\u00daSAV)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Repliky n\u00e1strojov z mlad\u0161ej doby \u017eeleznej, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017eili pri stavbe repliky monoxylu (Foto: \u0160. Ol\u0161av\/A\u00daSAV)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Za miesto testovania n\u00e1\u0161ho monoxylu sme vybrali rieku Bodrog. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti s\u00fa monoxyly plavidl\u00e1 vhodn\u00e9 pre pomaly te\u010d\u00face toky riek a\u00a0stojat\u00e9 vody v\u00a0jazer\u00e1ch. Bodrog t\u00fato podmienku sp\u013a\u0148a a\u00a0navy\u0161e je dostato\u010dne \u0161irok\u00fd na testovanie man\u00e9vrov. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 bola aj krat\u0161ia vzdialenos\u0165 od miesta v\u00fdroby \u010dlnu kv\u00f4li n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti transportu. Vypl\u00e1vali sme v\u00a0chladn\u00fdch jesenn\u00fdch a vetern\u00fdch d\u0148och z\u00a0obce Ladmovce. Priemernou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou asi 3 km\/h sme pomaly prepl\u00e1vali 12 km po pr\u00fade rieky. Testovali sme tie\u017e plavbu proti pr\u00fadu rieky, \u010do sa na pomaly te\u010d\u00facom toku dalo zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165. S\u00a0n\u00e1rastom vetra je v\u0161ak plavba proti pr\u00fadu n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ia, st\u00e1le v\u0161ak zvl\u00e1dnute\u013en\u00e1. Monoxyl je vo v\u0161eobecnosti menej stabiln\u00fdm plavidlom ne\u017e in\u00e9 typy \u010dlnov. \u010c\u00edm je monoxyl \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed, t\u00fdm sa zvy\u0161uje jeho stabilita, ale na \u00fakor r\u00fdchlosti \u010dlnu. Exempl\u00e1r zo \u0160amor\u00edna sa mohol pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na prepravu \u013eud\u00ed a\u00a0materi\u00e1lu na krat\u0161ie vzdialenosti. \u010eal\u0161ie testovanie jeho repliky n\u00e1m sn\u00e1\u010f povie viac o\u00a0vz\u0165ahu \u013eud\u00ed a\u00a0riek v\u00a0d\u00e1vnej minulosti.<\/p>\n

Mgr. \u0160tefan Ol\u0161av, PhD.<\/p>\n

Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav SAV, v. v. i. deta\u0161ovan\u00e9 pracovisko Ko\u0161ice<\/p>\n

Stavba a\u00a0experimentovanie s\u00a0monoxylom sa realizoval v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu Postdokgrant APD0108<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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\u010clenovia experimentu s monoxylom (Foto: A\u00daSAV)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Monoxyl je najdlh\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd typ plavidla na svete. Ide o \u010dln vytvoren\u00fd z\u00a0jedn\u00e9ho kusa dreva. V\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe sa vyu\u017e\u00edval u\u017e v\u00a0obdob\u00ed strednej doby kamennej a\u00a0jeho pou\u017e\u00edvanie pretrvalo a\u017e do 20. storo\u010dia. Na Slovensku je jeho najstar\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1stupcom n\u00e1lez zo \u0160amor\u00edna z\u00a0doby lat\u00e9nskej (3. storo\u010die pred n. l.). Slovensk\u00fdm b\u00e1date\u013eom sa podarilo tento n\u00e1lez zrekon\u0161truova\u0165 a\u00a0\u00faspe\u0161ne otestova\u0165 … \u010c\u00edtajte viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7827"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7827"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7827\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7849,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7827\/revisions\/7849"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}