{"id":7328,"date":"2024-10-21T13:35:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T11:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/?p=7328"},"modified":"2024-10-21T13:38:59","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T11:38:59","slug":"pri-zachrannom-archeologickom-vyskume-v-sintave-sa-podarilo-zachytit-cast-stredovekeho-opevnenia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/sk\/2024\/10\/21\/pri-zachrannom-archeologickom-vyskume-v-sintave-sa-podarilo-zachytit-cast-stredovekeho-opevnenia\/","title":{"rendered":"Pri z\u00e1chrannom archeologickom v\u00fdskume v \u0160intave sa podarilo zachyti\u0165 \u010das\u0165 stredovek\u00e9ho opevnenia"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0rokoch 2020 \u2013 2021 boli v\u00a0intravil\u00e1ne obce \u0160intava, na polohe Nad v\u0155\u0161kom, realizovan\u00e9 tri z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci ktor\u00fdch boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 poznatky nielen o stredovekom os\u00eddlen\u00ed obce, ale najm\u00e4 o\u00a0sp\u00f4sobe jej opevnenia. Vedkyne T. Vang\u013eov\u00e1 a\u00a0K. Da\u0148ov\u00e1 z\u00a0Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu SAV, v. v. i. aktu\u00e1lne prezentovali prv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky na medzin\u00e1rodnej konferencii <\/em>Archaeologia Historica<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Archeol\u00f3govia zachytili na v\u00fdskume dve priekopy, poh\u013ead na jednu z nich (Foto: K. Da\u0148ov\u00e1).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Obec \u0160intava sa nach\u00e1dza na \u013eavom brehu ohybu rieky V\u00e1h. V\u00fdznam polohy pre os\u00eddlenie zn\u00e1soboval brod cez rieku, ktor\u00fd sa tu nach\u00e1dzal pravdepodobne u\u017e od praveku. V\u00a0katastri obce sa v\u00a0minulosti objavilo a sk\u00famalo s\u00eddlisko z\u00a0doby \u017eeleznej. Na ostro\u017enej polohe nad V\u00e1hom (poloha Nad v\u0155\u0161kom) sa predpoklad\u00e1 aj existencia ve\u013ekomoravsk\u00e9ho hradiska.<\/p>\n

Dominantou bol v\u0161ak stredovek\u00fd vodn\u00fd hrad, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd \u0160intavsk\u00fd hrad. P\u00f4vodne sa nach\u00e1dzal na ostrov\u010deku medzi dvoma ramenami v\u00a0\u0160intave a\u00a0a\u017e po zmene toku rieky V\u00e1h niekedy v\u00a0priebehu 18. storo\u010dia (po z\u00e1niku ramena, ktor\u00e9 obkolesovalo hrad zo Serede), sa ocitol na pravej strane V\u00e1hu v\u00a0dne\u0161nej Seredi.<\/p>\n

\u0160intava predstavovala d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00fd uzol. Pret\u00ednali sa tu dve v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 stredovek\u00e9 cesty \u2013 \u010cesk\u00e1 cesta ved\u00faca z\u00a0Ostrihomu cez Trnavu do \u010ciech a\u00a0cesta ved\u00faca z\u00a0Pre\u0161porka do Nitry. Prv\u00fd p\u00edsomn\u00fd z\u00e1znam o\u00a0\u0160intave poch\u00e1dza e\u0161te z\u00a0roku 1042. St\u00e1l tu kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fd pohrani\u010dn\u00fd hrad, pod ktor\u00e9ho panstvo patrili \u010fal\u0161ie okolit\u00e9 obce (\u0160opor\u0148a, Pata, Vozokany, Abrah\u00e1m, Kri\u017eovany, \u0160\u00farovce).<\/p>\n

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Fragment zdobenej kostenej platni\u010dky (mo\u017eno z r\u00fa\u010dky no\u017ea) z okolia pece (Foto: K. Da\u0148ov\u00e1).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Aktu\u00e1lne archeologick\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy<\/strong><\/h4>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poznatky k v\u00fdznamu \u0160intavy v\u00a0stredoveku priniesol z\u00e1chrann\u00fd v\u00fdskum, ktor\u00fd odkryl 19 stredovek\u00fdch a\u00a0ranonovovek\u00fdch objektov.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumom sa podarilo \u010diasto\u010dne dolo\u017ei\u0165 dve priekopy. Prv\u00e1 priekopa viedla severo-ju\u017en\u00fdm smerom. Zisten\u00e1 \u0161\u00edrka priekopy bola 640 cm. Z\u00a0vrstvy nad dnom ryhy bola odobrat\u00e1 vzorka uhl\u00edkov, ktor\u00e1 sa analyzovala v\u00a0laborat\u00f3riu v\u00a0po\u013eskej Poznani. Pod\u013ea v\u00fdsledkov r\u00e1diouhl\u00edkov\u00fdch anal\u00fdz si mysl\u00edme, \u017ee t\u00e1to priekopa u\u017e v druhej polovici 12. storo\u010dia nebola funk\u010dn\u00e1 a\u00a0zrejme bola aj \u010diasto\u010dne zasypan\u00e1. R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 datovanie keramiky z\u00a0vrchn\u00fdch (z\u00e1sypov\u00fdch) vrstiev priekopy (11. \u2013 13. storo\u010die) to predbe\u017ene potvrdzuje.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 priekopa sa sk\u00famala v juhov\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti plochy, tak isto viedla severo-ju\u017en\u00fdm smerom. Zo z\u00e1sypov\u00fdch vrstiev tejto priekopy neboli prekvapuj\u00faco z\u00edskan\u00e9 \u017eiadne n\u00e1lezy.<\/p>\n

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N\u00e1lez dvoch pec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 boli v superpoz\u00edcii (vz\u00e1jomne sa naru\u0161ovali), o ich funkcii ved\u00fa archeol\u00f3govia diskusie (Foto: K. Da\u0148ov\u00e1).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

K\u00a0objektom z\u00a0obdobia existencie a\u00a0z\u00e1niku priekopy patrila pec, ktor\u00e1 sa nach\u00e1dzala z\u00a0vonkaj\u0161ej strany druhej priekopy. I\u0161lo o\u00a0prestavbu p\u00f4vodne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej pece s\u00a0kruhov\u00fdm p\u00f4dorysom, pravdepodobne hlinenou kopulou a\u00a0s\u00a0predpecnou jamou, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017eila ako obslu\u017en\u00fd priestor pece. Zrejme po ukon\u010den\u00ed jej pou\u017e\u00edvania bola do jej telesa zabudovan\u00e1 \u010fal\u0161ia kvadratick\u00e1 pec zlo\u017een\u00e1 z\u00a0pieskovcov\u00fdch platn\u00ed. Men\u0161ie zariadenie mohlo sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 aj ako udiare\u0148. Okolo pec\u00ed bolo odkryt\u00fdch aj sedem-osem kolov\u00fdch j\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 mohli by\u0165 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou kon\u0161trukcie na zastre\u0161enie pece. Z\u00a0n\u00e1lezovej situ\u00e1cie nebolo zrejm\u00e9, ku ktorej peci patrili. V\u00a0z\u00e1sype jednej z\u00a0kolov\u00fdch j\u00e1m sa na\u0161la \u010das\u0165 \u017eelezn\u00e9ho no\u017ea. Keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l pribli\u017ene datuje objekty do 11. a\u017e 13. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Mlad\u0161ie obdobie bolo zast\u00fapen\u00e9 na ploche mno\u017estvom obiln\u00fdch j\u00e1m. K\u00a0mimoriadne zauj\u00edmav\u00fdm v\u0161ak patril objekt, zachyten\u00fd len \u010diasto\u010dne na profile jednej z\u00a0r\u00fdh. Ide pravdepodobne o\u00a0objekt s\u00a0kolov\u00fdmi jamami alebo \u017e\u013eabmi na proti\u013eahl\u00fdch stran\u00e1ch. Archeol\u00f3govia z\u00a0neho z\u00edskali zlomky zadymovanej keramiky, ktor\u00e1 sa objavuje od 16. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

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N\u00e1lez keramiky z v\u00fdskumu v \u0160intave (Foto: T. Vang\u013eov\u00e1).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00fdskum priniesol nov\u00fd poh\u013ead na obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u0160intavy v\u00a0obdob\u00ed stredoveku. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee t\u00e1to ostro\u017en\u00e1 poloha v\u00a0ohybe rieky V\u00e1h, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017eila ako hospod\u00e1rske z\u00e1zemie \u0160intavsk\u00e9ho hradu, bola v\u00a0istom \u010dasovom obdob\u00ed opevnen\u00e1 jednou alebo dvomi priekopami (nedok\u00e1\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u010di boli obe priekopy s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9) vo \u00a0v\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti obce. Zo severu, z\u00e1padu a\u00a0juhu bola obec prirodzene chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 riekou V\u00e1h. V\u00fdsledok r\u00e1diouhl\u00edkov\u00fdch anal\u00fdz a\u00a0r\u00e1mcov\u00e9 datovanie keramiky zo z\u00e1sypu prvej priekopy, nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee prinajmen\u0161om jedna priekopa u\u017e v\u00a0druhej polovici 12. storo\u010dia neplnila svoju funkciu a\u00a0bola aspo\u0148 \u010diasto\u010dne zasypan\u00e1. Toto dosia\u013e nezn\u00e1me opevnenie sa nach\u00e1dza vzdu\u0161nou \u010diarou asi 1,5 km juhov\u00fdchodne od \u0160intavsk\u00e9ho vodn\u00e9ho hradu.<\/p>\n

Ter\u00e9zia Vang\u013eov\u00e1, Klaudia Da\u0148ov\u00e1, Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav SAV v\u00a0Nitre, v. v. i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0rokoch 2020 \u2013 2021 boli v\u00a0intravil\u00e1ne obce \u0160intava, na polohe Nad v\u0155\u0161kom, realizovan\u00e9 tri z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci ktor\u00fdch boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 poznatky nielen o stredovekom os\u00eddlen\u00ed obce, ale najm\u00e4 o\u00a0sp\u00f4sobe jej opevnenia. Vedkyne T. Vang\u013eov\u00e1 a\u00a0K. Da\u0148ov\u00e1 z\u00a0Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu SAV, v. v. i. aktu\u00e1lne prezentovali prv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky na medzin\u00e1rodnej konferencii Archaeologia Historica.   Obec … \u010c\u00edtajte viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7329,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7328"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7328"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7336,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7328\/revisions\/7336"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}