{"id":7280,"date":"2024-09-30T11:00:06","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T09:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/?p=7280"},"modified":"2024-09-30T13:14:51","modified_gmt":"2024-09-30T11:14:51","slug":"vyskum-v-jaskyni-derava-skala-pomaha-vyriesit-otazky-okolo-zaniku-neandertalcov-a-prichodu-prvych-anatomicky-modernych-ludi-na-nase-uzemie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/sk\/2024\/09\/30\/vyskum-v-jaskyni-derava-skala-pomaha-vyriesit-otazky-okolo-zaniku-neandertalcov-a-prichodu-prvych-anatomicky-modernych-ludi-na-nase-uzemie\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdskum v jaskyni Derav\u00e1 skala pom\u00e1ha vyrie\u0161i\u0165 ot\u00e1zky okolo z\u00e1niku neandert\u00e1lcov a pr\u00edchodu prv\u00fdch anatomicky modern\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed na na\u0161e \u00fazemie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Problematika prechodu medzi stredn\u00fdm a mlad\u00fdm paleolitom (pribli\u017ene pred 50 000 \u2013 40 000 rokmi, paleolit \u2013 star\u00e1 doba kamenn\u00e1) patr\u00ed medzi najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie t\u00e9my vo v\u00fdskume star\u0161ej doby kamennej. Ide o obdobie, kedy vymieraj\u00fa posledn\u00ed neandert\u00e1lci a nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa ich anatomicky modern\u00ed \u013eudia. Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee toto obdobie spolu\u017eitia pr\u00edpadne v\u00fdmeny r\u00f4znych \u013eudsk\u00fdch druhov bolo relat\u00edvne kr\u00e1tke (od nieko\u013ek\u00fdch stoviek rokov a\u017e potenci\u00e1lne nieko\u013eko tis\u00edc rokov), je ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 odpoveda\u0165 na konkr\u00e9tne ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa tejto udalosti. Rozsiahly vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum s vykop\u00e1vkami nov\u00fdch lokal\u00edt a prehodnocovan\u00edm star\u0161\u00edch lokal\u00edt sa uskuto\u010dnil predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3pe. V strednej \u010dasti Eur\u00f3py, vr\u00e1tane Slovenska, bolo takto zameran\u00fdch v\u00fdskumov pomerne m\u00e1lo. Pr\u00e1ve preto sa archeol\u00f3govia z A\u00da SAV v Nitre a z \u010fal\u0161\u00edch in\u0161tit\u00facii rozhodli op\u00e4tovne sk\u00fama\u0165 jasky\u0148u Derav\u00e1 skala.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Vstupn\u00fd port\u00e1l jaskyne Derav\u00e1 skala.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav SAV, v. v. i. sa v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0161ir\u0161ej medziodborovej spolupr\u00e1ci spolu s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi\u00a0odborn\u00edkmi zo Slovenska, \u010ceska, Ma\u010farska, Austr\u00e1lie a Franc\u00fazska zameral na rev\u00edzny v\u00fdskum jaskyne Derav\u00e1 skala pri Plaveckom Mikul\u00e1\u0161i. T\u00e1 u\u017e s\u00edce v\u00a0minulosti bola sk\u00faman\u00e1 viacer\u00fdmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi b\u00e1date\u013emi a v\u00fdskumn\u00fdmi t\u00edmami, ale rozvoj nov\u00fdch multidisciplin\u00e1rnych met\u00f3d v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pon\u00faka nov\u00e9 a\u00a0zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti z\u00edskania podrobnej\u0161\u00edch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z\u00a0predmetn\u00e9ho k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9ho obdobia evol\u00facie \u010dloveka.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Presn\u00fd mikrov\u00fdskum<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Postupn\u00e9 zni\u017eovanie kult\u00farnej vrstvy.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom v\u00fdskumu bolo postihn\u00fa\u0165 jemn\u00fa chronol\u00f3giu kult\u00farnych aktiv\u00edt, ako aj poznatkov o charakteristik\u00e1ch miestneho prostredia a\u00a0podnebia po\u010das mlad\u00e9ho a stredn\u00e9ho paleolitu, ke\u010f sa v\u00a0jaskyni usadzovali sediment\u00e1rne vrstvy.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskum bol realizovan\u00fd v\u00a0minim\u00e1lnom rozsahu, na ploche pribli\u017ene 1×1 m, \u010do bolo vzh\u013eadom na vyu\u017eitie nov\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch a\u00a0pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch met\u00f3d v\u00fdskumu viac ako dostato\u010dn\u00e9. N\u00e1lezy z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch vrstiev obsahovali n\u00e1lezy r\u00f4znych archeologick\u00fdch kult\u00far tzv. gravettienu a\u00a0aurignacienu, prisl\u00fachaj\u00facich anatomicky modern\u00e9mu \u010dloveku a\u00a0kult\u00fary micoquien, ktorej nosite\u013emi boli ur\u010dite neandert\u00e1lci.<\/p>\n

Ne\u0161lo metodicky o klasick\u00fd archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdskum, ale vedci sa zamerali aj na anal\u00fdzy pomocou r\u00f4znych pr\u00edrodovedn\u00fdch odborov. Preto sa o v\u00fdsledkoch v\u00fdskumu budeme dozveda\u0165 postupne. Tie zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa archeobotaniku (uhl\u00edky, pele, fytolity, parenchyma), paleontol\u00f3giu (makrofauna a mikrofauna), anal\u00fdzu sadz\u00ed, kamenn\u00fdch a kosten\u00fdch artefaktov, geoch\u00e9miu (XRF, stopov\u00e9 prvky).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Detailn\u00e9 za\u010dis\u0165ovanie n\u00e1lezu v archeologickej vrstve.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Na gen\u00e9zu sedimentov bud\u00fa vyu\u017eit\u00e9 aj geologick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy (mikromorfol\u00f3gia, granulometria, magnetick\u00e1 susceptibilita, anal\u00fdza pr\u00edtomnosti fosforu, a pod.). Organick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy bud\u00fa vyu\u017eit\u00e9 na r\u00e1diouhl\u00edkov\u00e9 datovanie, v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti od konkr\u00e9tnych kontextov. Doplnen\u00e9 bud\u00fa exaktn\u00fdmi geochronologick\u00fdmi datovac\u00edmi met\u00f3dami (napr. OSL alebo ESR datovanie) a\u00a0sediment\u00e1rnou eDNA.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
V\u00fdskumn\u00fd profil archeologickej sondy s vrstvami.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Spomenut\u00e9 multidisciplin\u00e1rne met\u00f3dy m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 vyrie\u0161i\u0165 ot\u00e1zky s\u00favisiace so zmiznut\u00fdm na\u0161ich bratrancov neandert\u00e1lcov a\u00a0pr\u00edchod na\u0161ich predkov \u2013 modern\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na v\u00fdskume sa spolupodie\u013eaj\u00fa nasledovn\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00facie: Australian Museum Research Instiute, Australian National University, University of Sydney, University of Melbourne, University of Paris, University of Vienna, Cambridge University, Max Planck institute, Griffith University, Katedra Archeol\u00f3gie FF UKF v Nitre, Geologick\u00fd \u00fastav AV \u010cR, Pr\u00edrodovedeck\u00e1 fakulta UK, \u0160t\u00e1tny geologick\u00fd \u00fastav Dion\u00fdza \u0160t\u00fara, Slovensk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum ochrany pr\u00edrody a\u00a0jaskyniarstva<\/p>\n

Adri\u00e1n Nemergut, Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav SAV, v. v. i.<\/p>\n

Foto: autor textu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Problematika prechodu medzi stredn\u00fdm a mlad\u00fdm paleolitom (pribli\u017ene pred 50 000 \u2013 40 000 rokmi, paleolit \u2013 star\u00e1 doba kamenn\u00e1) patr\u00ed medzi najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie t\u00e9my vo v\u00fdskume star\u0161ej doby kamennej. Ide o obdobie, kedy vymieraj\u00fa posledn\u00ed neandert\u00e1lci a nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa ich anatomicky modern\u00ed \u013eudia. Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee toto obdobie spolu\u017eitia pr\u00edpadne v\u00fdmeny r\u00f4znych \u013eudsk\u00fdch druhov bolo … \u010c\u00edtajte viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7281,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7280"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7280"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7295,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7280\/revisions\/7295"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7281"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeol.sav.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}